kVA Tools logokVA ToolsBETA Short-Circuit Lab


Input — System & Utility

Nominal Voltage, L–L (kV)
Voltage Factor cmax
Frequency (Hz)
Utility Fault Level Method
Utility Fault Level (MVA)
Utility X/R Ratio

Input — Transformer Specs

Include Transformer
Rated Power SrT (kVA)
HV Voltage (kV)
LV Voltage (kV)
Short-Circuit Voltage uk (%)
Load Loss PkT
Apply KT Correction (IEC 60909 §3.3.3)

Input — Cable / Busbar

Include Cable
Conductor Material
Cross-Section (mm²)
Length
Number of Parallel Runs
Operating Temperature

Input — Fault & Withstand

Fault Type
Earth Fault Factor (for 1-ph)
Protection Clearing Time tk
Conductor CSA (mm²)
Conductor Material

Output — Impedance Breakdown

At Fault Point (referred to LV, mΩ)
RQ – Utility Resistance
XQ – Utility Reactance
RT – Transformer Resistance
XT – Transformer Reactance
RL – Cable Resistance
XL – Cable Reactance
Total Loop
Rtotal
Xtotal
Ztotal
X/R Ratio (at fault point)

Output — Short-Circuit Currents

Initial Symmetrical Fault Current
I"k – Initial Symmetrical (kA rms)
I"k at Transformer LV Terminals (kA)
Peak & Sustained Currents
κ – Peak Factor (IEC 60909 Eq. 13)
ip – Peak Fault Current (kA)
Ib – Breaking Current (kA rms)
Thermal Equivalent
Ith – Thermal Equivalent (kA rms)
m + n Factor (IEC 60909 Annex A)

Output — Conductor Thermal Withstand

Adiabatic Check (IEC 60949 / IEC 60364-5-54)
Withstand Conductor CSA
k Factor
Minimum CSA Required (mm²)
Withstand Result
Breaker Specification Guidance
Minimum Rated Breaking Capacity
Minimum Rated Making Capacity
Minimum Rated Short-Time Current Icw

Output — Parameter Status

Check Status
Voltage Factor c
KT Correction Applied
Conductor Thermal Withstand
Fault Level > Tx LV Terminals
X/R > 10 (DC offset significant)

Output — Network Impedance Build-Up

Element R X Z X/R Σ Z
Enter inputs above to calculate.
All values in mΩ